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英语中的复句是什么

发布时间:2025-02-07 12:43:00

复合句(complex sentence)由一个主句(principal clause)和一个或一上以上的从句(subordinate clause)构成。主句是全句的主体,往往可以独立存在;而从句仅是全句的一个句子成分,故不能独立存在。如:

We met where the road crossed. 我们是在十字路口遇见的。(we met是主句,where the road crossed是从句)

I forgot to mail the letter which I wrote yesterday. 我忘了把昨天写好的信投邮了。(I forgot to mail the letter是主句,which I wrote yesterday是从句)

从句虽不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句须由关联词(connective)引导。

引导从句的关联词共有七种:

1)从属连词:有whether,when,although,because,if等。

He will get the letter tomorrow if you send it off now. 如果你现在就把信发出,他明天就会收到。

I don’t know whether it is right for her. 我不知道这是否适合她。

2)疑问代词:who,whom,whose,which,what。如:

Who he is doesn’t concern me. 他是谁与我无关。

I don’t know what the problem is. 我不知道这个问题出在哪里。

3)疑问副词:when,where,why,how。如:

I asked how he was getting on. 我问他近况如何。

I can’t understand why they didn't come. 我不明白他们为什么没有来。

4)关系代词:who,whom,whose,which,that。如:

Nobody who understands the subject would say such a thing. 懂得这一行的人是不会说这种话的。

Water that is impure often causes serious illness. 水不洁常会引起重病。

5)关系副词:when,where,why。如:

July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。

She would like to live in a country where it never snows.她喜欢住在不下雪的地区。

6)缩合连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,that,whichever。如:

Show me what you have written. 把你所写的东西给我看看。

Whoever does wrong is punished in the end. 恶有恶报。

7)缩合连接副词:whenever,where,wherever,however。如:

(15)Whenever he goes out, he always takes his umbrella. 他每逢出门总是带伞。

(16)Sit wherever you like. 你爱坐哪儿都成。

从句分主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句六类。由于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句在句中的功用相当于名词,故这三种从句以统称为名词性从句。名词性从句所用的关联词大抵相同,而且其前一般不用逗号。

希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

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